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Haiti faces worsening violence and instability, with gangs controlling 85% of Port-au-Prince, according to a United Nations report covering November 2023 to August 2024. The Panel of Experts’ findings underscore the country’s dire humanitarian and political challenges, as armed groups continue to undermine governance and security.
The report highlights a surge in gang activity, including coordinated attacks by the Viv Ansanm alliance on police stations, seaports, prisons, and other critical infrastructure. A prison break in March freed more than 4,600 inmates, many of whom joined gang ranks, fueling further violence.
The violence has displaced 600,000 people, leaving many in precarious conditions. The report also points to increased sexual violence against women and girls, widespread child recruitment, and malnutrition among vulnerable populations.
The resignation of Prime Minister Ariel Henry in March and the formation of a transitional government under Garry Conille in June offered a chance for stability. However, gangs have intensified their attacks, targeting state institutions and disrupting efforts to restore order.
Despite these challenges, the transitional government has made progress, including establishing a presidential council and appointing key officials. Still, ongoing violence casts doubt on the viability of upcoming elections and other political reforms.
The report flags arms trafficking as a major driver of instability, with gangs obtaining increasingly sophisticated weapons. Cross-border smuggling, often tied to business elites financing gangs, undermines security efforts and deprives the state of revenue.
UN sanctions against individuals supporting gangs are seen as a critical step, but enforcement remains limited.
The UN report emphasizes the need for international support to tackle Haiti’s crisis. The Multinational Security Support Mission, deployed in June, is seen as a vital part of restoring order, but its success hinges on sustained global commitment.
Haiti’s future hangs in the balance, with escalating violence threatening to derail efforts to rebuild governance and stability.
